Two methods are applied for Fertilization Process in IVF.
1: Classic IVF Method (In Vitro Fertilization = IVF )
It is generally preferred for couples with young, high number of eggs and good sperm characteristics. The follicle fluid, which is sent to the embryo laboratory in sterile tubes, is transferred to a special medium, which is examined under a microscope by embryologists in a special cabinet. Eggs and sperms obtained from the sick couple are left together in special containers prepared for this procedure (approximately 50 thousand to 100 thousand motile sperm are placed for each egg) and kept for 16-18 hours, during which time the sperm will fertilize the egg by itself. After this process, fertilization control is done.
Although IVF has been chosen as the IVF method, microinjection can be applied to some of the eggs to eliminate a possible fertilization failure.
2: Microinjection ( Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection = ICSI )
In cases where sperm count and motility are low, deformity is high, and sperm retrieval by surgical method (TESA, TESE). Microinjection is preferred in cases where the number of eggs taken from the woman is insufficient, the quality is low, the egg membrane is thick, in cases of unexplained infertility and in couples who have failed IVF before. The eggs collected from the patient are purified from the remnants of the surrounding cells (cumulus cells) after the sorting process, and the mature ones are selected for the process. The fertilization process is done 2-6 hours after the eggs are taken from the patient.
Sperm are injected into the egg with a needle by means of a special device called a micromanipulator under the microscope by embryologists. Fertilization control is done after waiting for 16-18 hours in the incubator (in a special cabinet that provides an environment similar to the mother's womb).
Today, ICSI, that is, microinjection, is preferred instead of IVF as in vitro fertilization treatment. The reason for this is the increase in the fertilization rate in the microinjection process. Since a single sperm cell is sufficient for the normal fertilization of an egg, even men with low sperm count can be allowed to have children with the microinjection method.
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