TESE (Sperm Obtaining from Testicle by Biopsy): Many men who do not have any sperm in their semen (azoospermia) or who are 100% inactive even if the sperm count is normal can have reproductive cells in their ovaries. Thanks to the method called TESE, sperm are obtained from the testicles. This operation can be performed under local or general anesthesia. When a large number of pieces taken from different parts of the testis are examined, sperm cells can be found. The sperm cells found are separated and prepared for the Microinjection (ICSI) procedure.
PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration): It is a method of drawing the sperm inside the testes by entering the epididymis with a fine needle. It is applied with a needle inserted through the skin without opening the sac called the scrotum, in which the testicles are located. It can be applied only in cases of obstructive azoospermia. This process, which is an alternative to MESA, is much simpler and can be done in a much shorter time.
MESA (Epididymal Sperm Aspiration Under Microscope): It is the process of obtaining sperm from the ducts of men by microsurgery method (MESA) or directly from the skin with a needle (PESA) under local or general anesthesia in case there is no sperm in the semen (obstructive azoospermia).
PTSA (Percutaneous Testicular Sperm Aspiration): It is the sampling of testicular tissue by entering the testicles with a needle inserted through the skin without opening the sac containing the testicles.
Micro TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction under the Microscope): The sac containing the testicles and the sheath surrounding each testis are opened with a small incision. The testicular tissue is examined with a microscope and samples are taken from the large parts. The cut sections are stitched and the process is terminated.
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